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dateSeptember 25, 2023

Your Guide to Understanding and Treating Acid Reflux

Acid reflux, commonly intertwined with the medical term gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition that numerous individuals encounter at various points in their lives. The essence of this discomfort stems from the journey of stomach acid retracing its path back into the oesophagus, leading to a fiery sensation known as heartburn. This unpleasant sensation […]

Acid reflux, commonly intertwined with the medical term gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition that numerous individuals encounter at various points in their lives. The essence of this discomfort stems from the journey of stomach acid retracing its path back into the oesophagus, leading to a fiery sensation known as heartburn. This unpleasant sensation can swiftly transform an enjoyable mealtime into an ordeal filled with discomfort.   This guide aims to delve deeper into the realm of acid reflux, shedding light on its true essence, the underlying causes, and the tangible steps one can undertake to both prevent and alleviate the symptoms associated with it. The phenomenon of acid reflux is not just a singular event but could be a chronic issue for some, which may necessitate a well-informed approach for effective management.   Understanding the dynamics of acid reflux begins with recognising its primary culprit – the stomach acid that veers off its designated course. When the lower oesophageal sphincter, a muscular valve that serves as a gateway between the oesophagus and the stomach, falters in its duty to close promptly post the passage of food, the acid within the stomach seizes this opportunity to travel upwards into the oesophagus. This deviation from the norm culminates in what we often identify as heartburn, a burning discomfort keenly felt in the lower chest area.  

 

What Does Acid Reflux Mean?

At its core, acid reflux is a sign that your stomach acid is rebelling, escaping from the stomach back into the oesophagus. Unlike the stomach, the oesophagus isn’t equipped to handle this harsh acid, resulting in a burning sensation. Beyond occasional heartburn, if this happens frequently, you may be diagnosed with GERD.

 

Causes of Acid Reflux

The culprit behind acid reflux is a weak lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle acting as a gatekeeper between your stomach and oesophagus. When functioning well, the LES ensures what’s in the stomach stays in the stomach. A weakened LES, however, can let stomach acid escape, causing acid reflux. Several factors can contribute to a weakened LES and acid reflux: overeating, obesity, certain foods and drinks, and smoking. Understanding these triggers is crucial to managing and preventing acid reflux symptoms.  

Preventing Acid Reflux

Prevention is often a matter of lifestyle changes. Here are some steps you can take to keep acid reflux at bay:
  • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your LES.
  • Avoid foods and drinks that trigger your acid reflux.
  • Eat smaller meals more frequently throughout the day.
  • Avoid lying down or going to bed soon after eating.

 

Treating Acid Reflux

If prevention measures don’t provide relief, treatment options are available. Over-the-counter antacids can provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid. For more severe or persistent acid reflux, medications such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers can help reduce stomach acid production. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new medication regimen.

 

FAQs

1. What foods are common triggers for acid reflux?

Foods such as fatty or fried foods, spicy foods, citrus, tomato, chocolate, mint, garlic, onion, and caffeine can trigger acid reflux in some individuals.

2. When should I see a doctor for acid reflux?

If acid reflux symptoms occur more than twice a week, interfere with your lifestyle, or if over-the-counter medications don’t provide relief, it’s a good idea to consult with a doctor.

3. Are there any lifestyle changes I can make to prevent acid reflux?

Yes, lifestyle changes can significantly help in managing acid reflux. These include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding trigger foods and drinks, eating smaller meals, and not lying down or going to bed immediately after eating. It’s also advisable to quit smoking and limit alcohol intake as these factors can weaken the lower oesophageal sphincter.

4. What are some over-the-counter treatments for acid reflux?

Over-the-counter treatments include antacids that neutralize stomach acid, H2 blockers that reduce acid production, and proton pump inhibitors that are effective in reducing acid production for a longer period. However, it’s important to follow the instructions on the packaging or consult with a pharmacist or healthcare provider to ensure the right treatment for your symptoms.

5. Can long-term acid reflux cause other health issues?

Yes, if left untreated, long-term acid reflux can lead to more serious conditions like oesophageal stricture, oesophageal ulcers, and Barrett’s oesophagus, which is a pre-cancerous condition. Therefore, it’s crucial to manage acid reflux symptoms and seek medical attention if it’s impacting your quality of life.

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